Cosmologists from the University of Durham (Durham University) have calculated several of the most complex mathematical models, the results of which provided new evidence of the existence of a mysterious dark matter. These mathematical models describe the processes of formation and development of galaxies, both in the presence and in the absence of clusters of dark matter. Models have shown that the speed of movement and the dimensions of galaxies are related to their brightness, while the significance of these relationships almost completely coincides with the results of practical observations made by astronomers.
The results of calculations of one of the models shown in the above image show us the key components of the galaxy, shown in blue. The stars and gas from which new stars are born are shown in red, and the halo of dark matter surrounding the galaxy is shown in light gray.
According to the available theories on the nature of dark matter, between the size, mass and brightness of galaxies, there are certain relationships, determined by fairly complex mathematical expressions. However, for the whole time of studying the depths of outer space, scientists have put forward a number of alternative theories, more accurately "fitted" to the results of practical observations, according to which no dark matter exists. Nevertheless, many of the other properties of the universe, including the distribution of the microwave background, are best explained by the presence of dark matter.
For the calculation of mathematical models, powerful supercomputers were used that allowed "squeezing" in several weeks the calculations of billions of years of the formation and development of galaxies. And the results of these calculations showed that the fact of the presence of dark matter explains the relationship between the mass, size and brightness of the galaxy better than other alternative theories, the main one being Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND).
